The Media Images Of Beauty - 1665 Words

The modern beauty standard has become an increasingly important issue because people have the freedom to decide, but the media largely influenced these choices on about beauty standard. Our advance of technology helps communicate with each other, but people are not fully aware of the influence of media. That is a major problem. The media broadcast images of beauty to control people consciously. Technological advance helps people to reach the information quickly and cumulatively, but media not always making people feel good about themselves. Most of the people experience powerless when a society values youth and beauty because it is impossible to meet beauty standard. People bombarded by images of men and women who are thin, beautiful, and youthful. This norm is slowly taking away an individual’s freedom of self-expression and consequently lose sense of self-worth. Camille Paglia, an academic and social critic who earned her PhD at Yale University, uses her artistic sensibility to argue that the current trend of plastic surgery leads to ethical issues, such as narcissism, sexism, and racism in â€Å"The Pitfall of Plastic Surgery†. Meanwhile, Daniel Akst, New York born journalist, claims that the attitudes of the typical American’s carelessness about their outfit and physical beauty in â€Å"What Meets the Eye†. Both authors define the beauty standard that created by the media and claim the issue of how the media set up the wrong beauty standard for audience; it is unattainable forShow MoreRelatedBeauty and Body Image in the Media978 Words   |  4 PagesReview Of Literature Beauty and Body Image in the Media ( Men ) Review – 1 From the , Journal of Marketing Communication Vol. 11. No. 1. 3-19. March 2005 Idealized images of the male body in advertising: a reader-response exploration BY- RICHARD ELLIOTT CHRISTINE ELLIOTT Warwick Business School. University of Warwick, Coventry. UK. Harris Manchester College University of Oxford. Oxford. UK Introduction : This is a study which particularly focuses on how men are beingRead MoreCampaigning for Real Beauty: Dove ® and Changing Stereotypical Body Images as Seen in the Media3020 Words   |  13 PagesToday society has never been more aware of the impact the media has on what is considered to be an attractive person. Those who are most vulnerable by what they observe as the American standard of attractiveness and beauty are young females. Their quest to imitate such artificial images of beauty has challenged their health and their lives and has become the concern of many. As a result, advertisements used in the media are featuring more realistic looking people. As the modern world has changedRead MoreThe Subjectivity of Women to Modern Mass Media‚Äà ´s Construed Views of Beauty and How Their Effects on Body Image847 Words   |  4 PagesMass Media’s Construed Views of Beauty and How Their Effects on Body Image According to Medline Plus’s medical dictionary, a portion of the National Institute of Health’s website for patients and their families and friends, â€Å"body image† is defined as â€Å"a subjective picture of one s own physical appearance established both by self-observation and by noting the reactions of others.† From the start, it is made obvious by such a definition that any person’s self-body image is sculptured partly by others’Read MoreNegative Influence on Women in the Media Melanic R. Salomes Article853 Words   |  3 PagesR. Salome , is about the women’s misrepresentation of in media . Salome considers media as an important tool that affects American women in a negative way. Media has become of paramount interest in our lives, despite the fact that its negative influences on us are increasing at a rapid pace. Media promotes unrealistic and unattainable images that result in depression and dissatisfaction among people. T herefore, media reflects the image of society and the way people think about themselves. MoreoverRead MoreBeauty Culture: An Examination the Effects Media Has on Society 1440 Words   |  6 PagesSociety is obsessed with being beautiful. One just has to examine the amount differing beauty industries earn early for this fact to be evident. For example, the diet industry is a thirty-three billion dollar industry, with the cosmetic industry following close behind with twenty billion yearly (Wolf 16). However, this obsession with beauty is not without cause. As stated in Body Image: Understanding Body Dissatisfaction in Men, Women, and Children, â€Å"In affluent Western societies, slenderness isRead MoreMedia and Feminine Beauty1497 Words   |  6 PagesMass Media such as films, advertisements and magazines are the huge influence on the definition of feminine beauty. From watching movie to passing through the subway station, it is quite often to see numerous images of female faces a nd bodies. Women are exposed in the world where most women display in films and on subway advertising boards are striking poses with little clothes on. Moreover, every image showed is airbrushed with Photoshop. Women are exposed with images produced by the media on whatRead MoreSocio Cultural Morals Of Feminine Beauty1212 Words   |  5 Pagesfeminine beauty are put in all forms of favored media, battering women with images that portray what is advised to be the impeccable body.These morals of beauty are almost completely far-off for most women; a majority of the models advertised on television and in advertisements are below what is considered healthy body weight. Mass media s use of unrealistic models says an implicit message that in order for a woman to be beautiful, she must be unhealthy.The media puts an image of beauty that isRead MoreThe Encouragement Of Real Beauty : Do Social Learning Theory And Social Comparison Theory Still Work?1383 Words   |  6 PagesReal Beauty: Do Social Learning Theory and Social Comparison Theory Still Work? Yiwei Xu December 2015 Introduction Currently, body dissatisfaction is not uncommon among young girls. Past research results told us that current unrealistic standard of female beauty, which puts a particular emphasis on thinness, is the most likely cause of body dissatisfaction among adolescent girls (Fallon, 1990; Heinberg, 1996; Rodin, Silberstein, Striegel-Moore, 1985). Viewing unrealistic ideal-based images canRead MoreThe Effects Of Beauty Standards On Body Image1090 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Beauty Standards Understanding the effects of beauty standards to both men and women requires research of both sexes and different orientations in regard to the influence the media has on them. While cultural standards contribute to beauty standards, media carries most of the responsibility for swaying public opinion of attractiveness. In order to find an answer as to why certain beauty standards currently exist, one must examine the root cause: media. Literature Reviewed First GroupRead MoreMedia s Impact On Media Consumption Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesaccess an infinite amount of resources on the internet, 24 hours a day 7 days a week (XXXX). The rapid technological advancements has shifted the consumption of media from television, magazines and billboards to online digital media channels accessed via mobile devices, creating a ‘bedroom culture’ (Sumner, 2016) for many. The shift in media consumption has particularly been induced by the emergence of Social Networking Sites as well as other online platforms, which have become an integral part of

A Report on the Government’s Tax Cut for Small Businesses

Question: A report on the governments tax cut for small businesses. Answer: Executive Summary: In the federal budget of 2015, the government announced the tax cut for small business owners. The prime minister confirmed that the tax cut will be 1.5% for the small business owners in Australia, whereas the big business owner will not receive any kind of tax deductions. This tax regime opted by the government has various consequent microeconomic and macroeconomic effects. In this report we look into the details of the tax cut for the small business owners and how the businesses, consumers as well as the entire economy benefits from it. We also look into the negative effects or the distortions that can be created by such a regime. The significant effects of the tax cut are mostly on the increased investment and output of the businesses which in turn increases employment and consumption, thus influencing economic growth. The tax cut also creates distortion such as allocation of labor or wealth effect making business owners not reach their potential productivity. The tax cut benefits and distortions are explained by income or wealth effects, substitution effects, increase in aggregate demand, rise in employment, rise in prices and wages, increasing productivity and all together affecting economic growth. We look more into these details in the following sections. Introduction: The budget change adopted by the government of Australia includes tax measures specifically for small businesses. Small businesses are defined in the tax system as an entity which carried on a business with an aggregate annual turnover of less that $2 million. As per the budget the reduced tax rate had been a boom for small business owners making them grow bigger at the same time. Previously the government had cut the tax rate from 30% to the rate 28.5% for businesses with the turnover accounting for less than $2 million. This year the tax rate has been further cut to 27.5% (Chang, Chung Burke 2016, Ref 15). At the same time this change had also increased the scope for small businesses having a turnover of less than $10 million. Such a tax cut implies advantages for a huge sector of people. There are approximately 870,000 businesses which employ about 3.4 million Australians, and all of these people will enjoy a reduced tax rate (Appendix I). Approximately 60,000 businesses which em ploy about 1.5 million belong to the bracket of $2 to $10 million and their tax rate reduced by 2.5%. Apart from this government has also extended its last years tax deduction of business equipment under $20,000 which was introduced the previous year to businesses under a turnover of $10 million. On the other hand there are the big business owners who do not enjoy any kind of tax cuts. But big businesses can also be estimated to access lower tax rates eventually. This can happen as the government moves with an incremental process. It first slowly increases the sizes of businesses which can access reduced tax rates of 27.5% and then eventually reduces the tax rates for all businesses to 25%. If this happens, then the threshold increases from $10 million to $25million in the year 2017-18, followed by $50 million in 2018-19 and $100 million in 2019-20. Hence, by 2020, approximately 4.9 million people which constitute of more than half of the total employees in the country will be worki ng in companies and paying lower tax rates of 27.5% until 2026-27 when all business shall access tax rate of 25%. Hence these changes related to the tax cuts of the small businesses, directly and indirectly has impacts on the different sections of the society which includes, the business owners, workers, consumers and also the government. The mutual collaborated impact of all these effects has positive impacts on the economic growth. (Appendix I) (Chang, Chung Burke 2016, Ref 15) Evaluation: The cut in tax rates of small business owners has several macroeconomic and microeconomic effects. The tax cut is tended to act as an encouragement for the small business owners which are important for jobs and economic growth in the country. It is focused on increase in spending by encouraging businesses to spend more on capital and equipment from the tax savings and increase the growth of businesses (Mankiw, 2003, Ref 9). As economic growth increases, employment will rise as the businesses increase production with increase in overall consumption and aggregate demand (Mankiw, 2003, Ref 9). The lower tax rate has impacts on both individuals and businesses through income and substitution effects (Pindyck 2009, Ref 1). A lower tax rate raises the post tax reward for saving, working and investing. The higher post tax rewards induces more work effort along with savings and investments through substitution effects (Pindyck 2009, Ref 1) which is what exactly the government intends to do. T here are a number of components through which the tax cut helps in boosting the economy. We shall look into these components each at a time. If we consider investments, then a reduction in tax rate of small business owners reduces the cost of capital for firms making marginal investment projects more profitable (Varian, 2010, Ref 2). These increased investment opportunities increases both domestic investment and foreign direct investment (Lypsey Chrystal 2011, Ref 6). Investment being a component of GDP, in the short run it boosts demand and rise in investment shall increase the GDP. An increase in GDP is an indicator of positive economic growth (Samuelson Nordhaus 2010, Ref 3) . Reduced tax rates of small business owners also induce them to hire more workers. Wages of workers also increase which allows them greater consumption and acts as an income effect (Sen 2007, Ref 5). Hence, tax cut increases demand for labor by firms, which in turn increases wages and overall employment. Increase in wages increases both consumption and savings of the workers via positive income effect. Lower tax rates also influence productivity growth. If there is improvement in technology or innovations in one period there occurs increase in productivity growth in the next period. Induced by lower tax rates and efficiently using tax savings small businesses come up with innovative ideas and technology with greater research and development and shall positively affect growth in next period increasing productivity. As firms increase productivity and can produce more output for the same proportion of input it raises the GDP growth rate. (Lundeen 2015, Ref 13) The cut in tax rates of small business owners also has effects on prices of the goods and services of these businesses. As with reduced tax rates the cost of capital decreases, the lower cost of capital along with high returns can result in lower prices charged by these businesses to consumers. The extent of these firms to pass the reduction in the burden of taxes also depends on how easily the consumers can switch to goods by these corporate firms from goods of other non-corporate or foreign entities. The reduction in price also depends on how open the economy is. The more the economy is open there occurs less reduction in prices. Market power of the firms also plays a significant role deciding how much prices can be reduced. Firms with high market power can significantly affect on changes in prices. As prices fall, domestic consumption increases which reduce demand for imported goods and increase demand for exports. As household consumption increases along with an improvement in Au stralias trade balance contributes in increasing the GDP. The microeconomic and macroeconomic effects mentioned above are likely to positively affect the receipts. As investment, employment and demand increases it brings forth stronger economic growth which shall generate tax revenues that will offset the proportion of revenue lost in tax cuts. As the additional investment projects get completed, it will boost profits that will lead to additional corporation taxes. Higher consumption will also generate higher VAT and excise duty receipts. Increase in wages and employment shall also increase income tax and insurance contributions. Hence, the revenue lost is easily recouped via the taxes generated. We shall now turn towards the not so bright aspects of the cut in tax rate of small business owners. The positive effects do stand a chance of not taking place due to the market distortions and highly depends upon the market share of these small business owners. The efficiency and strength of entrepreneurial motives also decide how much the tax cut provision given to such businesses shall in any way help the economy. The confidence of consumers and business owners on the market conditions also stand as an important factor. There had been many economists and scholars who believed that the companys tax cut will barely make any difference in the economy. As the chief economist Saul Eslake of Bank of America Meryl lynch (Appendix II) tells that it might be possible that there will occur a surge in spending because of small asset purchases but it can be just characterized as a short term stimulus to the economy. The chief economist also go on to say that that majority of business investme nt is done by large businesses and not small businesses but as it is seen that big businesses do not receive any tax cut. We move ahead to see some of the distortions or inefficiencies of such a policy. (Hutchens 2015, Ref 10) The reduced tax rates for small businesses is justifiable on efficiency grounds if there exists evidences that this will create spillover effects to the rest of the economy which is not completely covered by these entities. The special tax arrangements can distort choices of the business owners regarding the business organization structure and decisions regarding the types of expenditures. Economic inefficiency can also be a result of such a regime if it interferes with the market with consequences like allocation of resources to such small inefficient businesses than large efficient ones. (Swaboda 2015, Ref 16) Another distortion of such a regime is associated turnover based threshold of the small businesses biased towards high margin actions. For instance there may be a business which sells large amount of goods and services like a retailer for generating profit may account for a much larger turnover than a firm delivering a costly professional service and generating the same level of profit. Hence the lower tax rate to small business owners reinforces such a bias. The tax cuts also have positive income or wealth effects but these effects induce the individual to feel wealthier reducing his/her incentive to work more, save and invest. It also acts like a disincentive for accelerating further business growth as the businesses approaches a threshold of $2 million aggregate turnover. (Swaboda 2015, Ref 16) Conclusion: Hence we saw the plausible effects both negative and positive of such a tax cut policy for small business owners. The most crucial impact economists are interested in is the effect on the economic growth. The biggest question arises that whether in any way the tax cuts on these small businesses will have any crucial positive impact on the economy. According to Grattan Institutes Director John Daley (Appendix II), this tax cut wont have much impact at all on the economic growth. He says, the 1.5% tax cut on the small businesses along with the instant asset write-off may assumed to be boosting the economic growth by 0.2% in the policys operation in second year equating to just $3.6 billion of economic activity in an economy of $1.6 trillion, whereas, at its first year of operation economic growth will be as small as by 0.06% of GDP or smaller.(Hutchens 2015, Ref 10 ) Thus, the tax cut on the section of small business owners shall have very negligible on the economy as a whole consideri ng that economic growth is driven by large businesses, implying that government should not just cut tax rates for small business owners achieving short term economic growth but to all firms to boost the economy for a longer term. References: Pindyck, R, Rubinfeld, D Mehta, P 2009, Microeconomics, Pearson, South Asia Varian, H 2010, Intermediate microeconomics, Affiliated East-West Press, New Delhi Samuelson, P Nordhaus, W 2010, Economics, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi Mankiw, G 2007, Economics: principles and applications, Cengage Learning, New Delhi Sen, A 2007, Microeconomics, Oxford, New Delhi Lipsey, R Chrystal, A 2011, Economics, Oxford, New Delhi Sowell, T 2010, Basic economics, Basic books, USA Hall, R Lieberman, M 2010, Economics: Principles and applications, Cengage learning, USA Mankiw, G 2003, Macroeconomics, Worth publishers, New York.

Business of the Companies and Organizations-Samples for Students

Question: Write a reflective Journal on Business Reseach Proposal. Answer: Effectiveness of learning experience After carrying out the research proposal, I came to know that big data occupies a central position in the business of the organization. Customer satisfaction due to the adoption of online banking services is the major drive behind my assertion. Research regarding the use of big data analytics in the organizations has enriched my knowledge, skills and expertise regarding the effective means of conducting the research proposal. As a matter of specification, I learned the basic ways to conduct a research proposal. Enhancement of my preconceived skills, expertise and knowledge prepared me for executing the main research. The oriented structure acts as an agent in my preparation towards possessing appropriate approach towards the research. In my school, I did projects about environmental pollution, plants, trees and flowers. From this perspective, being able to complete a business research was not an easy task. Therefore, I can call the experience a thrilling one, as I came to know several new terms and concepts, with which I am not at all acquainted. Guidance, support and motivation from the tutors and professors made this experience more valuable to me. This is in terms of my selection as the capable one to conduct the research. The actual research provided me an insight into the online services carried out by organizations to satisfy the needs, demands and requirements of the customers. Doing the literature review portion enhanced my awareness regarding the importance of big data analytics in the business organizations. The methodology portion upgraded my thoughts, ideas and concepts regarding the data collection methods. The subsequent chapter enriched my experience regarding the utilization of primary and secondary methods for analyzing the collected data through the means of tables, charts and graphs. Finally, the penultimate chapter generates within me the self-organizational skills. This is terms of linking the derived results with the identified aims and objectives. Usefulness of the learning experience in future life The usefulness of the learning experience lies in my practical application of the learnt skills in the workplace. The following are the parameters, where I can utilize the skills, which I learnt in beautifying my future life: Course I can enroll myself into the courses of data analytics and informatics, which the prestigious universities offer. The guidance of the professors would prove helpful for me in terms of enhancing my preconceived skills, expertise and knowledge regarding the information technology. Program If I excel in the field of data information and analytics, I can practice as lecturer in colleges. Besides, I can search for jobs as data analyst in private companies, as part time job. This would be my starting point towards the initiation of professional career. However, for this, I need to possess adequate skills and knowledge about data informatics. For this, I can attend java programming courses. Future career Pursuing the course on data information and analytics would open different avenues before me. These avenues range from metrics and data analytic specialist to business consultant. Analyzing the collected data would act as an opportunity for me in terms of analyzing the challenging business research with an ease and effective manner. The final evaluation would help me in terms of assessing the effectiveness and appropriateness in terms of the selected career. General life The experience, which I had after conducting the research on the use of big data analytics in business organizations, provides me a deeper insight into the field of information technology. Proper and judicious utilization of this insight would make me a master in the use of computers and other machines. Along with this, I would be able to teach the basic ways of using computers to the people, who are still far behind from the widespread effect of technological advancement. Objective description of the learning process My learning process started when I was provided with a project on describing the use of big data analytics in the business organization. The development of the rationale enhanced my knowledge regarding the online services used by companies and organizations for satisfying the needs, demands and requirements of the customers. Here, I can relate the cognitive learning theory as the identification of the problem statement or rationale needs deeper insight into the latest activities carried out by the companies and organizations for contributing towards technological advancement. Primarily, my learning process starts with the development of aims and objectives. For this, I learned that background of the research is important. Apart from this, I also acquired skills regarding the projection of hypothetical approach towards the subject matter of the research. As a result of this, I was able to develop significance of the research. As a matter of specification, my learning process attains continuation in the literature review, where I need to produce the concepts, theories, models and scholarly viewpoints about the use of online services in workplaces. Herein, I learned to analyze the real business scenarios through theoretical perspective. My learning attains a higher standard when I emerge successful in excavating the gaps in the existing literature. The next stage of my learning is the data collection, where I underwent the process of revealing appropriate philosophy, approach, design and strategy for collecting the required data. However, research onion acted as a complete knowledge pack for me in terms of the data collection process. Here, I came to know about the components of research methodology under one umbrella. The Gantt chart or the action plan guided me about making effective and beneficial process to progress with the research activities. As a sequential step, in the fourth chapter, I learned about analyzing the collected data. The utilization of charts, tables and graphs enhanced my clarity regarding the impact of big data analytics on the overall business of companies and organizations. Along with this, I also learnt to make survey and interview questionnaires. In the final chapter, I learnt how to review the collected, gathered and available points for deducing relevant conclusion. Within this, I learned the ways to establish essential linkages between the derived results and the identified and the specified objectives. As a final touch, I can say that proposing recommendations reflects the effectiveness of my learning process. Evaluation of the learning process My learning in terms of excavating the rationale is crucial regarding the development of the aims and objectives. Failure in this direction makes the foundation of the research vulnerable. Along with this, it results in failure to project the significance of the research. Countering this, if there are no aims and objectives, there is no meaning of conducting the research. For this, I need to thoroughly study the issues, which the companies and organizations are encountering in their current strategic performance. This thorough study finds its applicability in the second chapter in terms of projecting the basic concepts related to online services in organizations. Specifically, in application of relevant theories and models lies the effectiveness of my learning process. Countering this, being able to identify the gaps in literature reflects the effectiveness and usefulness of my learning process. This identification needs high confidence level and willingness to upgrade my current per formance. Variety in the data collection methods broadens my scope and arena regarding the efficient and effective means of conducting a research. This is applicable for all of the methodological components. However, I would stress particularly on sampling and ethical considerations. In terms of sampling, I learnt about selecting a stipulated sample size from the whole population, due to limitations in time and financial resources. Here I can relate the statistical tests, which assess the effectiveness of the samples selected in terms of the identified and specified aims and objectives. Effective consideration of the research ethics invokes my Samaritan side in terms of selecting the samples for the survey and interview process. These ethics also makes me trustable in terms of the sources, which I use for collecting the necessary data. Herein lays my capability as a researcher in terms of carrying out the allocated research in an efficient and effective manner. The data analysis chapter needs correct and authentic projection of the derived results. Herein, I can say that accuracy is essential in terms of achieving perfection in the calculations. Efficient and judicious utilization of tables, charts and graphs enhances my clarity in terms of the projections, which I am making for deducing the conclusions. This clarity is crucial in terms of evaluating my performance throughout the research. In-depth insight into the learning process From my childhood, I had a passion towards enhancing my knowledge regarding data analytics and information. In respect to this, getting the chance of doing a research project on the use of big data analytics is a great privilege for me. This research provided me new insights into the online services used by the companies and organizations to add a modern touch into the lives of the customers. During the study of the rationale, I came across the dynamics of business. Herein lays the conglomeration of business and data informatics and analytics. This conglomeration expanded my knowledge horizons. Hypothetical approach towards the use of big data analytics in business organizations generated within me the self-organizational skills. These skills assisted me in speculating my performance in terms of the exposed performance. The proposal was a kind of prelude to the actual research. In the proposal, I briefed the readers about the highlights about literature review, methodology and resear ch limitations. The main reason for which I conducted the proposal is to gain the approval of the professor regarding the used concepts. The research is the outcome of the approval. Countering this, execution of the research is itself an indication that my professor has approved the proposal. Capability in terms of portraying these points indicates my in-depth learning from the research and proposal. Learning regarding the business aspects takes me closer to my professional development through the means of the personal development. Plan regarding the application of the learning process Planning is essential in terms of making noticeable advances towards the identified and the specified goals. In terms of my reflection on the performed research, planning occupies an important position. The Gantt chart is an effective example of the plans regarding efficient execution of the research activities. Viewing it from the other perspective, pursuing courses on data analytics and informatics would help me in enhancing my skills on the subject of information technology. Studying various articles on the effect of data informatics and analytics on the business of the companies and organizations supports me in projecting the similarities and differences between the two fields. Attending Spoken English classes would polish my communication skills, which would provide me with the platform to give presentations on the advancements made by information technology in upgrading the standard and quality of business in companies and organizations. These presentations would enhance my con fidence level in terms of speaking before a mass audience. Most importantly, I need to carry out evaluation of my revealed performance for improving my performance. This evaluation would bring to the forefront the potential drawbacks, which I need to modify for attaining professional development through personal development. References Carey, G., Harrison, S. and Dwyer, R., 2017. Encouraging reflective practice in conservatoire students: a pathway to autonomous learning?.Music Education Research,19(1), pp.99-110. Cotter, R.J., Pssil, A. and Vince, R., 2015. New directions for researching critical reflection in organizations.Researching Critical Reflection: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, p.171. Cushion, C.J., 2016. Reflection and reflective practice discourses in coaching: a critical analysis.Sport, education and society, pp.1-13. Gould, N. and Taylor, I., 2017.Reflective learning for social work: research, theory and practice. Routledge. Griggs, V., Holden, R., Rae, J. and Lawless, A., 2015. Professional learning in human resource management: problematising the teaching of reflective practice.Studies in Continuing Education,37(2), pp.202-217. Harvey, M., Baker, M., Semple, A.L., Lloyd, K., McLachlan, K., Walkerden, G. and Fredericks, V., 2017. Reflection for learning: A holistic approach to disrupting the text. InLearning Through Community Engagement(pp. 171-184). Springer Singapore. Herrington, J., Parker, J. and Boase-Jelinek, D., 2014. Connected authentic learning: Reflection and intentional learning.Australian Journal of Education,58(1), pp.23-35. Kolb, D.A., 2014.Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. FT press. Mitchell, T.D., Richard, F.D., Battistoni, R.M., Rost-Banik, C., Netz, R. and Zakoske, C., 2015. Reflective Practice That Persists: Connections between Reflection in Service-Learning Programs and in Current Life.Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning,21(2), pp.49-63. Moon, J.A., 2013.Reflection in learning and professional development: Theory and practice. Routledge. Nye, A., Foskey, R. and Edwards, H., 2014. Collegial reflection on the meaning of metaphors in learning: emerging theory and practice.Studies in Continuing Education,36(2), pp.132-146. Paterson, C. and Chapman, J., 2013. Enhancing skills of critical reflection to evidence learning in professional practice.Physical Therapy in Sport,14(3), pp.133-138. Reynolds, M., 2017.Organizing reflection. Routledge. Rosin, J., 2015. The necessity of counselor individuation for fostering reflective practice.Journal of Counseling Development,93(1), pp.88-95. Stewart, C., 2014. Transforming professional development to professional learning.Journal of Adult Education,43(1), p.28. Walsh, S. and Mann, S., 2015. Doing reflective practice: a data-led way forward.Elt Journal,69(4), pp.351-362.

Womens Reform Essays - Child Labor In The United States, Jane Addams

Womens Reform annon Women in the late 19th century, except in the few western states where they could vote, were denied much of a role in the governing process. Nonetheless, educated the middle-class women saw themselves as a morally uplifting force and went on to be reformers. Jane Addams opened the social settlement of Hull House in 1889. It offered an array of services to help the poor deal with slum housing, disease, crowding, jobless, infant mortality, and environmental hazards. For women who held jobs, Hull House ran a day-car center and a boardinghouse. Addams was only one of many early reformers to take up social work. Jane Porter Barrett, an African American, founded the Locust Street Social Settlement in Hampton, Virginia, in 1890. Her settlement offered black women vital instruction in child care and in skills of a being a homemaker. Lillian Wald, a daughter of Jewish immigrants from New York City, began a visiting- nurse service to reach those too poor to pay for doctors and hospitals. Her Henry Street Settlement offered a host of vital services for immigrants and the poor. Wald suggested the formation of a Federal Children's Bureau. By the end of the 19th century, many women reformers focused on the need for state laws to restrict child labor. Young children from poor families had to work late hours in mines and mills and were exploited by plant managers. No state laws prevented the children from being overworked or abused. One of the first to challenge the exploitation of orphaned or dependent children was Sophie Loeb, a Jewish immigrant from Russia Once her father was deceased, she watched the desperation of her mother as the family slipped into poverty. As a journalist, Loeb campaigned for window's pensions when this was still a new idea. Helen Stuart Campbell, born in 1839 in New York, began her public career as an author of children's books. Then she used novels to expose slim life's damaging effect on women. In 1859 she wrote a novel about two women who break from their dependence on men and chart new lives. Campbell also wrote how easy it was fir women's lives to be ruined by poverty and despair. Some women went beyond advocating reform to promoting revolution. There are many other famous women who helped lead the fight to reform. Like Florence Kelley. In 1891 Kelley worked with Addams at Hull House and became an investigator for the Illinois Bureau of Labor, and then was appointed the U.S. Commissioner of Labor. In 1891 Kelley returned to New York City and worked with Wald's Henry Street Settlement and helped create the U.S. Children's Bureau. In 1921 secured passage of the Infant and Maternity Protection Act. More than anyone else, Ida B. Wells exposed lynchings as a crime against humanity. er 40 years of unrelenting effort failed to stop the crime and did not produce a federal anti lynching law. However, lynchings decreased by 80 percent after her campaign began, and her documented evidence on the crime of lynching and her commitment to justice roused the world's conscience. By the time Wells died in 1931, other women and men had picked up her touch.

buy custom Evidence-Based Practice in The Health Belief Model

buy custom Evidence-Based Practice in The Health Belief Model The Health Belief Model Theory Abstract The Health Belief Model is one of the most widespread and successful theories used in the sphere of health education and health promotion. Initially the researchers created this theory in the sphere of social science in the early 1950s with the primary purpose to understand and assess the failure of people to adopt strategies that may prevent a disease. Even nowadays this behavioral change model remains one of the most effective theories applied to predict, evaluate, and change health-related behaviors of individuals in numerous challenging health areas, especially nursing. The health belief model bases on such pillars as perceived seriousness, susceptibility, benefits, and, finally, barriers, and assists healthcare providers in ensuring effective aid and high-quality services to patients. Keywords: health belief model, perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived limitations, self-efficacy, cues to action

Organisational behaviour assignment based on case study Essay

Organisational behaviour assignment based on case study - Essay Example Through this approach, organisations are expected to be able to understand the flaws and strengths of its operations in a more efficient manner, which can further be considered in the process of enhancing organisational operations (Cole, 2000). From a generalised perspective, the study of organisational behaviour might also be crucial in the case of A & S Fashion Limited. Started in the year 1993, the company has developed from a small business to adding a large customer base. However, since the year 2011, the company has been continuously failing to reach its targeted sales, which further impacted its reputation in the targeted market. Different reasons have been stated in this concern, addressing the probable drivers that led to business deficiencies in A & S. In order to deal with this situation, the company will essentially need to understand the organisational behaviour by comprehending its workplace environment. Contextually, the aim of the paper will be to analyse the current operational situation of A & S and identify the major flaws that could have lead to such a vulnerable performance of the company. In this context, concepts of psychological contract, motivational gap and communication mechanisms will be taken into account in the discussion henceforth. Implementation of Psychological Contract in the Company Due to Negative Responses of the Staff For the poor performance of the company in the last couple of years, several potential reasons can be identified to have emerged in the scene. In this regard, the negative responses of the staff of the organisation might be a potential reason for the decline in the performance level of the business operations. Arguably, a generalised perspective to this context affirms that employees are the most vital assets in any organisation and constitute the vital elements of contribution in raising the performance of the business (King & Grace, n.d.). In fact, studies have revealed that the performance of businesses is directly dependent on the approach and the conduct of the employees (Vance, 2006). Hence, their satisfaction, which further impacts their working behaviour, is quite vital to be monitored continuously and managed efficiently for the welfare of the organisation. It is in this context that applying measures to understand the psychological contract in A & S shall be essential to identify the rudimental causes of the negative responses obtained from the staff. As can be observed from the case scenario, the employees of A & S have been deciphering a degree of negative response, which has in turn affected the coordination and cooperation between groups and departments as well. Such non-cooperative behaviour has altogether affected the productivity and efficiency of the organisation as every department of the business has been reported to be falling to perform at the expected level, increasing instances of inter-group conflicts. To be precise, the marketing department in A & S has been ac cusing the HR department for their deficiency to recruit professionals as per the need of the specific department. The finance department of the business has also been accused for being incapable to provide enough funds required for

Summerize articles Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summerize articles - Article Example Meanwhile, the article of Candice Wheeler, the ability of one to be able to comprehend and make things that has the beauty of color and the grace of lines are a gift; however, it is also true that even these gifts must actually confer to certain laws. In this case, decorative and applied art may be classified as one of the most important qualities of mankind, for it enables us to achieve endless sensual pleasures, and that it brings lofty satisfactions to men. In this case, applied art to decorative art is like child to man; wherein applied art subsumes itself with the laws of decorative art, but it transcends it by unifying thought and art with things that are useful to the everyday existence of man. The third article, written by H. Muthesius and H. van de Velde, focuses on the standardization of architecture. According to them, it is through the standardization of architecture where it will have universal significance. In this case, they outlined different points to illustrate why standardization in architecture is important. According to them, an unfailing good taste is actually brought about by standardization as understood in concentration. In addition, it is essential to have a universal high level of taste in order for their (German) works to have relevance abroad, and that the creation of a creative development is the most urgent task of their era. Speaking for the German association of artists, industrialists and merchants (Deutscher Werkbund), the authors emphasized that they are able to give meaningful exhibitions only when they are restricted to the best and most exemplary. The next article, written by Herman Muthesius, outlines the aims of the Deutscher Werkbund, the national association of artists, industrialists, and merchants in Germany. In this article, the author argues that it is important for their movement to undergo an artistic reform, a reform that focuses on improvement on the impression that their epoch consists that of a lack of cultur e. However, due to the funding of their movement, their works has already gained universal significance, which is an expression of their continued effort for cultural refinement and beauty. However, Muthesius also noted that their task does not end here, given that they must continue to refine their art and improve their technique. In addition, they must also strive to attain a high cultural achievement. Meanwhile, the article written by Josef Hoffmann and Koloman Moser talks about the evil of â€Å"shabby, mass produced goods,† especially in terms of how it has severely affected the way goods are made creatively. In this case, the authors actually argue that these errors will be corrected, in order for artists to regain a high degree of artistic creativity in their works. In this case, the author argues, that it is actually important to be able to establish an inner relationship between the public, the worker, and the designer; wherein guiding principles in their work would include utility, function, good proportions, and as well as the proper treatment of the respective materials used. In this case, they must not compete with cheap work, but rather set high artistic and creative